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3 years ago
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterised by progressive nephron loss leading to increased intraglomerular pressure, glomerular permeability, proteinuria and systemic hypertension. The prevalence of CKD defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 ranges from 2 to 12 % in Europe and in the US.1,2 CKD is an independent risk factor for the development of…
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3 years ago
Progressive thickening of the aortic valve leaflets and narrowing of the aortic annulus leads to increased mechanical stress on the left ventricle and reduces cardiac output, resulting in further complications.1–3 The proportion of the population affected increases as the median age of a country or region rises. Approximately 2–4 % of people aged over 65 will develop calcific aortic stenosis,…
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2 years ago
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3 years ago
The coexistence of heart and kidney disease represents an evolving epidemic in an ageing population, with chronic kidney disease (CKD) incidence rates increasing annually.1 The effect of dysfunction of one kidney mediates profound effects on the other, recently described and defined as five distinctive cardiorenal subtypes by the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative consensus group.2 Much work has…
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3 years ago
Coronary Artery Spasm and Adventitial Inflammation
Coronary artery spasm plays an important role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of ischaemic heart disease, not only in variant angina, but also in other forms of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction.1,2 Recent studies have demonstrated that coronary spasm is also as frequently noted in European people as in Asian people.3
We have…
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3 years ago
The ancient rite of smoking dates back thousands of years, and tobacco smoking has been largely ingrained in our civilization since the arrival of Europeans to the Americas in the 16th century. For a long time, cigarette smoking was perceived as a symbol of wealth, glamour and sophistication, whereas nowadays it is largely recognised as the first preventable or modifiable cause of common diseases…
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3 years ago
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) comprises a large number of related pathologies, including ischaemic heart disease and peripheral arterial disease (PAD).1 This group of illnesses is the main cause of global morbidity and mortality and its prevalence increases remorselessly.2
Despite implementation of guideline-based therapy and optimal medical treatment, patients with established…
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2 years ago
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2 years ago
Latest Advances in Cardiac CT
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3 years ago
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