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Author(s): Adrian Chenzbraun Added: 3 years ago
In the developed world, aortic stenosis (AS) represents the most prevalent valvular heart disease. The final stage of AS is transformation of the aortic valve in a severely restricted, thickened, calcific valve; however, the initiating process is less likely to be a degenerative one, but rather similar to atherosclerotic plaque formation. The process is age-dependent: more than 25% of individuals… View more
Author(s): Helen O'Brien , Rose Anne Kenny Added: 3 years ago
One of the greatest achievements of public health in the twentieth century has been the almost doubling of life expectancy in the Western world. Yet this now ageing population brings new challenges, as the prevalence of little-understood geriatric conditions increases, together with the rising prevalence of age-related disorders, such as syncope. The definition of syncope, as outlined by the… View more
Author(s): Markus P Schlaich , Murray D Esler Added: 3 years ago
The pathogenesis of primary hypertension is multifactorial. However, the sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in circulatory and metabolic control and has clearly been established as a major contributor to the development of hypertension, with blood pressure elevation being initiated and sustained by elevated sympathetic nervous activity. Increased sympathetic outflow to the heart… View more
Author(s): María Pilar Resano-Barrio , Ramón Arroyo-Espliguero , María Carmen Viana-Llamas , et al Added: 3 years ago
The WHO has established that coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease represent the main causes of premature death and disability in developed countries.1 However, the incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease is also increasing in developing countries as a result of population ageing and changes in lifestyle. For these reasons, the prevention and treatment of… View more
Author(s): Tarun Pandey , Kedar Jambhekar Added: 3 years ago
Diastolic dysfunction and diastolic heart failure (DHF) have shown a steady increase in prevalence over the course of the last decade.1 DHF is now regarded as a major public health concern. It shows an increasing trend with age and exceeds the incidence rate of systolic heart failure by the eighth decade of life.2 In fact, it is estimated that approximately 25–30% of individuals 45 years of age… View more
Author(s): Nagara Tamaki , Yuji Kuge , Keiichiro Yoshinaga Added: 3 years ago
The heart requires a high rate of oxygen uptake to maintain mechanical function in order to provide sufficient energy to balance the requirement of the mechanical function. Oxygen consumption increases in almost direct ratio to the increased workload; when the oxygen supply is inadequate for the demand, reversible or irreversible metabolic changes may occur. Such an imbalance is most often… View more