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Author(s): Hans-Willi Breuer Added: 3 years ago
Epidemiology has repeatedly shown that elevated levels of cholesterol play a key role in the development of atherosclerotic disease. In particular, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol has been strongly associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk.1-5 Lowering LDL cholesterol reduces the incidence of atherosclerotic disease, irrespective of how the reduction is achieved. The efficacy of… View more
Author(s): Astrid Hubert , Andreas Seitz , Valeria Martínez Pereyra , et al Added: 3 years ago
Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is an established cause for anginal chest pain, the cardinal symptom of myocardial ischaemia, in patients with angiographically unobstructed coronary arteries. Evidence from large clinical studies has revealed that about 50% of patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography for suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) had either normal or near normal coronary… View more
Author(s): Gaetano Antonio Lanza Added: 3 years ago
Up to 50% of patients who undergo elective coronary angiography for stable chest pain symptoms that are mainly related to exercise and typical enough to suggest the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) are found to have normal or near-normal coronary arteries.1 The mechanisms responsible for angina chest pain in these patients are heterogeneous; accordingly, their identification… View more
Author(s): Mauricio Wajngarten , Gisele Sampaio Silva Added: 3 years ago
Stroke is the second most common cause of mortality worldwide and the third most common cause of disability.1 Although there has been a global trend towards a reduction in stroke incidence, prevalence and mortality since the 1990s, the overall stroke burden in terms of absolute number of people affected continues to increase.2 More than 1 million people have a stroke every year in Europe and that… View more
Author(s): Abdalla Ibrahim , Mohamed Ali , Thomas J Kiernan , et al Added: 3 years ago
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is generally defined as the persistent (at least 6 months) inability to achieve and maintain penile erection sufficient to allow satisfactory sexual performance.1 It is a common condition, and recent studies predict a higher prevalence of ED in the future.2 It is estimated that ED has affected more than 150 million men worldwide and this number will reach approximately… View more