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3 years ago
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the general population with a prevalence of 1–2% in developed countries, where it accounts for 1–2% of total healthcare resources. Therefore, the economic burden of HF may become unmanageable, indicating the need for cost-effective preventative strategies and treatments.1 It has been acknowledged that about 50% of patients…
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3 years ago
The clinical and economic impact of heart failure (HF) is well documented. It affects 22 million people worldwide, occurs in at least 2% of the Western adult population and is a progressive condition with high morbidity and mortality rates, placing a significant burden on healthcare resources.3 One of the keys to reducing the clinical and economic impact of HF is accurate and early diagnosis of…
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3 years ago
Echocardiography is the most widely used non-invasive imaging method in cardiology worldwide. Several reasons justify its success, the most important being its ability to answer easily and repeatedly the pertinent clinical questions posed every day by clinicians about their patients. In addition, it has accommodated itself to the continuous technological and scientific developments of the last…
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3 years ago
Background
Echocardiography has evolved into the most predominant diagnostic imaging technique in cardiology. Over the last five decades the diagnostic capability of echocardiography has increased dramatically from M-mode to two-dimensional (2-D) imaging. Recent advances in ultrasound instrumentation and computer technology have led to three-dimensional (3-D) echocardiography, introducing a new…
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3 years ago
Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most frequent valvular heart disease in developed countries,1 with a steady increase in prevalence as the population ages. Progressive degeneration of aortic leaflets,2 age-related and enhanced by common cardiovascular risk factors,3 is the most frequent aetiology. Besides ‘calcific’ AS (the valvular disease of the elderly), the second most frequent aetiology is…
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3 years ago
To date, cardiologists have alleviated the symptoms of patients with significant lesions in the coronary angiography by stenting or coronary artery bypass grafting. While normal-looking coronary segments in angiography have been regarded as ‘disease-free’ and mild/moderate stenoses as ‘non-treatable’, today that we know that from these non-significantly diseased areas may potentially arise acute…
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3 years ago
Aortic stenosis (AS) is a progressive disease of worsening left ventricular outflow obstruction. In the early stage of the disease, the prognosis is excellent with a very small risk of sudden death (<1 % per year).1–3 However, the development of a haemodynamically severe stenosis and the onset of symptoms herald a dramatic deterioration in prognosis. At this point, aortic valve replacement …
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3 years ago
Heart failure (HF) affects more than 6 million people in the US and results in more than 1 million hospitalisations per year.1 In patients aged ≥65 years, there are more hospitalisations for a primary diagnosis of HF than any other condition.2 HF is a debilitating illness, associated with significant morbidity and mortality, rehospitalisation and societal costs.3 Current guidelines and position…
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3 years ago
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) deploying metallic stents is now a standard and routine procedure for the treatment of flow-limiting coronary stenosis in patients with ischaemic heart disease and is an alternative to surgery. Stents were invented to overcome limitations of balloon angioplasty coronary dissections, acute and subacute elastic recoil, intimal hyperplasia and negative vessel…
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3 years ago
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a disease in which connective tissue becomes weak secondary to fibrillin-1 mutations, resulting in aortic dilatation, aneurysm formation, aortic dissection, aortic regurgitation and mitral valve prolapse (MVP; see Table 1).
Epidemiology
MFS is an autosomal dominant condition: 75 % of all patients inherit the condition from one affected parent and 25 % are affected as…
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