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Author(s): Kiran K Khush , Sharon A Hunt Added: 3 years ago
The field of heart transplantation has evolved tremendously since Alexis Carrel first explanted a canine heart and anastomosed it to the carotid artery and jugular vein of a recipient dog in 1905.1 In 1960, Norman Shumway and Richard Lower at Stanford described a technique for orthotopic canine heart transplantation and demonstrated adequate physiologic function of the denervated heart.2 Their… View more

Vascular Disease and Surgery

Imaging & Diagnostics
Destination Therapy with Left Ventricular Assist Devices in Non-transplant Centres: The Time is Right
Author(s): Antoni Bayés-Genís , Christian Muñoz-Guijosa , Evelyn Santiago-Vacas , et al Added: 3 years ago
“The time is always right to do what is right.” – Martin Luther King Jr (1929–1968) Heart failure (HF) has increased at a fast pace during the 21st century to become the main cause of morbidity and mortality for patients with cardiovascular disorders in developed nations, leading to increasing healthcare costs and declining quality of life. The expected prevalence of HF was ~25 million in 2011,… View more

Vascular Disease and Surgery

Heart Failure
Author(s): Kensuke Nishimiya , Yasuharu Matsumoto , Hiroaki Shimokawa Added: 3 years ago
Vasa Vasorum The coronary arterial wall generally consists of the tunica intima, tunica media and tunica adventitia. In particular, the coronary adventitia harbours the vasa vasorum (VV),which has a diameter of 50–300 μm and plays an important role as a network of nutrient blood vessels to the arterial wall (Figure 1).1–3 The VV is enhanced in association with arterial wall thickening when the… View more

Imaging & Diagnostics
Mechanisms of Coronary Artery Spasm
Author(s): Kensuke Nishimiya , Jun Takahashi , Kazuma Oyama , et al Added: 10 months ago

Prevention & Chronic Conditions
Author(s): Alan S Katz Added: 3 years ago
Computed tomography (CT) of the heart combines X-ray images with the aid of a computer to generate cross-sectional views of the body. Cardiac CT uses advanced CT technology with or without intravenous contrast dye to visualise cardiac anatomy, coronary circulation, and the great vessels. Cardiac CT is especially useful in evaluating the myocardium, coronary arteries, pulmonary veins, thoracic… View more

Imaging & Diagnostics
Author(s): Eugenio Picano Added: 3 years ago
Sources of Radiation Exposure Radiation used in medical examinations and tests is the largest man-made source of radiation exposure. The biological effects of the radiation dose received is expressed in milliSievert (mSv), with the effective dose of 1 mSv corresponding to the radiation dose of 50 chest X-rays. An average of 2.4 mSv per head per year comes from natural sources (see Figure 1).1… View more

Imaging & Diagnostics
2021 ESC Guidelines on Cardiac Pacing and Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy
Author(s): Gheorghe-Andrei Dan Added: 2 years ago

Electrophysiology & Arrhythmia
Author(s): Jason N Dungu Added: 3 years ago
Amyloidosis is a condition characterised by accumulation of pathologic fibrillar proteins in organs causing dysfunction.1 Several protein precursors have been shown to cause amyloidosis.2 Cardiac amyloidosis, when waxy, starch-like deposits infiltrate the heart, is most commonly secondary to the accumulation of amyloid fibrils derived from immunoglobulin light chains (AL) or transthyretin (ATTR)… View more

Imaging & Diagnostics

Heart Failure
Author(s): Charlotte Eitel , Gerhard Hindricks , Christopher Piorkowski Added: 3 years ago
Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) is an established therapy for patients with drug-refractory, highly symptomatic systolic heart failure (HF) and delayed ventricular conduction.1 CRT devices are designed to synchronise the mechanical activity within the left ventricle, between the left and the right ventricle and between the atria and ventricles. Resynchronisation induces reverse… View more

Heart Failure

Electrophysiology & Arrhythmia
Author(s): Hugo Saner Added: 3 years ago
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in most countries. It is also a major cause of physical disability, particularly in the rapidly growing population of elderly people. The prevention of subsequent coronary events and the maintenance of physical functioning in such patients are major challenges in preventative care. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programmes were first… View more

Prevention & Chronic Conditions

MI/ACS