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Author(s):
Daniel Alejandro Lerman
,
Sai Prasad
,
Nasri Alotti
Added:
3 years ago
Progressive thickening of the aortic valve leaflets and narrowing of the aortic annulus leads to increased mechanical stress on the left ventricle and reduces cardiac output, resulting in further complications.1–3 The proportion of the population affected increases as the median age of a country or region rises. Approximately 2–4 % of people aged over 65 will develop calcific aortic stenosis,…
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Author(s):
Kensuke Nishimiya
,
Jun Takahashi
,
Kazuma Oyama
,
et al
Added:
10 months ago
Author(s):
Covadonga Fernández-Golfín
,
Jose Luis Zamorano
Added:
3 years ago
Since the introduction in the early 1980s of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in clinical practice, contrast agents (CAs) have been part of MR studies enhancing the capabilities of this diagnostic technique. CAs enhance the contrast between different types of tissues. Tissue contrast depends largely on proton concentration and longitudinal (T1) and transversal (T2) relaxation times inherent to…
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Author(s):
Kazuma Ohyama
,
Yasuharu Matsumoto
,
Hiroaki Shimokawa
Added:
3 years ago
Coronary Artery Spasm and Adventitial Inflammation
Coronary artery spasm plays an important role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of ischaemic heart disease, not only in variant angina, but also in other forms of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction.1,2 Recent studies have demonstrated that coronary spasm is also as frequently noted in European people as in Asian people.3
We have…
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Author(s):
Andreas H Mahnken
,
Joachim E Wildberger
,
Peter R Seidensticker
Added:
3 years ago
Coronary artery disease (CAD) represents a relevant economic burden to modern medicine. In 2003 more than 1.41 million diagnostic coronary angiograms and an additional 1.24 million percutaneous coronary angioplasties were performed in the US alone.1 While coronary angiography is considered the gold standard for diagnosing CAD, several non-invasive techniques have been evaluated for assessing CAD…
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Author(s):
Leonardo Guimaraes
,
David del Val
,
Sebastien Bergeron
,
et al
Added:
3 years ago
Major advances in heart failure (HF) management have been achieved over the past three decades, yet it remains a syndrome with high morbidity and mortality, poor quality of life and high healthcare costs. Despite all advances in medical/device therapy, many HF patients continue to deteriorate, leading to poor quality of life and high rehospitalisation and mortality rates.1 The recent European…
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Author(s):
Patricia Fonseca
,
Raphael Rosenhek
,
Vinayak Bapat
,
et al
Added:
3 years ago
Degenerative aortic stenosis (AS) is a chronic progressive valvular disease that affects approximately 1.4 % of individuals over 65 years and 4.6 % of patients older than 75 years in the US.1 While the prognosis of asymptomatic patients with severe AS is generally good, that of symptomatic patients is very poor, with an overall mortality of approximately 80 % at three years once the disease…
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Author(s):
Kevin Cheng
,
Ranil de Silva
Added:
3 years ago
Refractory angina (RA) is defined as chronic angina-type chest pain (duration ≥ 3 months) associated with reversible ischaemia that persists despite optimal medical, interventional and surgical management.1
The clinical burden of RA is growing due to an ageing population and improved survival from coronary artery disease (CAD). Estimates suggest that in the US between 600,000 and 1.8 million…
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Author(s):
Georgia Tsoumakidou
,
Elias Brountzos
Added:
3 years ago
During the last few decades, the endovascular repair of aortic aneurysms (EVAR) has revolutionised the treatment of thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms. Since 1991, when Parodi et al.1 reported the first series of successful endovascular abdominal aneurysm repair in humans, enormous developments have been accomplished in techniques, materials and equipment. More delicate techniques and…
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Author(s):
Raluca Dulgheru
,
Sara Hana Weisz
,
Julien Magne
,
et al
Added:
3 years ago
Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most frequent valvular heart disease in developed countries,1 with a steady increase in prevalence as the population ages. Progressive degeneration of aortic leaflets,2 age-related and enhanced by common cardiovascular risk factors,3 is the most frequent aetiology. Besides ‘calcific’ AS (the valvular disease of the elderly), the second most frequent aetiology is…
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